Alex p. r. toncray
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In particular, high-level athletes offer remarkable physiology and metabolism (including muscular strength/power, aerobic capacity, energy expenditure, and heat production) compared to sedentary individuals, and provide unique insight in gut microbiota research. Yet, less described is the role that exercise plays, particularly how associated factors and stressors, such as sport/exercise-specific diet, environment, and their interactions, may influence the gut microbiota. Important factors such as age, birth method, antibiotic use, and diet have been established as formative factors that shape the gut microbiota. The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play a significant role in nutrient uptake, vitamin synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune response, collectively contributing to human health. 23 Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA.22 Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA.
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1 College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.